2 Esdras

Illustration of the triple-headed eagle from Ezra's vision (head-piece from Bowyer Bible, Apocrypha, 1815)

2 Esdras, also called 4 Esdras, Latin Esdras, or Latin Ezra, is an apocalyptic book in some English versions of the Bible.[a][b][2] Tradition ascribes it to Ezra, a scribe and priest of the fifth century BC, whom the book identifies with the sixth-century figure Shealtiel.[3]: 37 

2 Esdras forms a part of the canon of Scripture in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (an Oriental Orthodoxy body), though it is reckoned among the apocrypha by Roman Catholics and Protestants.[4] Within Eastern Orthodoxy it forms a part of the canon[5] although its usage varies by different traditions. 2 Esdras was excluded by Jerome from his Vulgate version of the Old Testament, but from the 9th century onward, the Latin text is sporadically found as an appendix to the Vulgate, inclusion becoming more general after the 13th century.


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  1. ^ ISBN 978-0-385-09630-0.
  2. ^ NETBible, Apocalyptic Esdras Archived September 26, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Stone, Michael Edward (1990). Fourth Ezra: A Commentary on the Book of Fourth Ezra. Hermeneia. Fortress Press. ISBN 978-0-8006-6026-0.
  4. ^ For example, it is listed with the apocrypha in the Anglican Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion.
  5. ^ Coogan, Michael. The New Oxford Annotated Bible: New Revised Standard Version: An Ecumenical Study Bible (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 1839, 1841. ISBN 978-0-19-027605-8.

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